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Mapping doctoral education and supervision research (2014-2024): Insights, trends, and trajectories

Journal article▪️International Journal of Doctoral Studies

Mapping doctoral education and supervision research (2014-2024): Insights, trends, and trajectories

November 2025


Despite being the pinnacle of academic training, doctoral education and supervision remain one of the least understood domains in higher education research. The conventional model of doctoral education, centred on original research within an apprentice-supervisor framework, has undergone a significant transformation. Emerging alternatives emphasize shorter program durations, integrated teaching components, collaborative structures, and practice-based, problem-solving orientations (Cardoso et al., 2020). These shifts reflect broader changes in the foundations, aims, methods, expertise, organization, and processes of doctoral education (Cardoso et al., 2022), contributing to its global expansion over the past two decades (Sarrico, 2022). As scholarly interest intensifies, the volume of publications in this field has surged, yet systematic syntheses remain scarce (see Liu et al., 2025; Wang et al., 2022, as notable exceptions). Few bibliometric or meta-analytic reviews have been conducted, leaving the conceptual landscape of doctoral education and its related supervision research under-mapped and difficult to navigate.


This paper addresses that gap by examining the intellectual landscape of doctoral education and supervision research over the past ten years. Using bibliometric methods – specifically citation and co-citation analyses – it identifies influential authors, thematic clusters, and evolving research trajectories. Bibliometrics applies statistical techniques to academic publishing (Campbell et al., 2005), enabling the detection of dominant contributors and patterns that inform policy and funding decisions. Citation-based approaches offer quantitative and complementary insights into relationships among documents, authors, and journals, revealing core literature and conceptual linkages (Garfield, 1972; Gingras, 2010; McCain, 1986; Osareh, 1996).


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